What is the gait? Some types of common abnormal gaits.

 
GAIT
Gait means the manner of walking.
Gait is of major importance while diagnosing a patient. 
Some common abnormal types of gait are recognized such as


1. Spastic or hemiplegic gait
 This is a characteristic feature of person with pyramidal tract lesions. The person walks on a narrow base, has difficulty in bending his knees and drags his feet as if they are glued to the floor. The foot is raised from the ground by tilting the pelvis, and the leg is then put forward so that the foot may tens to describe an arc, the toes scraping along the floor. 
2. Stamping gait
Stamping means to strike the ground heavily with the sole of the foot. This is characteristic of a person with sensory ataxia. The person raises his feet very suddenly, often abnormally high, and then jerks them forward, bringing them to the ground again with a stamp ,and often heels first. If he watches the ground, he may be fairly steady, as he can use his eyes in the place of his position sense. However, the person becomes severely ataxic when his eyes are closed or if he walks in the dark.
3. Drunken or reeling gait
Reeling means frame on which thread is wound. This is seen typically in person with cerebellar lesion. The person walks awkwardly, with the feet well apart. They have such difficulty in maintaining balance that their gait appears drunken , called drunken gait. The person walks in a zigzag line and deviates to the affected side due to hypotonia . The ataxia is equally severe whether eyes are open or close.
4. Festinant gait
This is characteristic of Parkinson's disease. The person bends forward, and walks quickly with short steps as if trying to catch up centre of gravity or preventing himself from falling down. If he is suddenly pulled backwards, he begins to walk backwards and is unable to stop himself. 
5. Waddling gait
Waddling means to walk with short steps like the gait of the duck. This is typically seen in persons with proximal muscular weakness. Thus, there is difficulty in maintaining trunk and pelvic posture. The body is lifted backwards. The feet are planted widely apart and the body sways from side to side as each step is taken. The heel and toes to be brought down simultaneously. 

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